1. Check Your Syntax and Formula Structure

One of the most common reasons why VLOOKUP might not work is due to errors in the formula syntax. Ensure that you have the correct syntax and structure for the VLOOKUP function. Here’s a basic breakdown:

VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

• lookup_value: The value you want to find in the first column of the table.
• table_array: The range of cells that contains the data you want to retrieve.
• col_index_num: The column number in the table_array from which the matching value should be returned.
• [range_lookup]: Optional. A logical value that specifies whether you want an exact match (FALSE) or an approximate match (TRUE).

2. Ensure Data is Sorted Correctly

VLOOKUP requires that the data in the first column of your table_array is sorted in ascending order when using an approximate match (TRUE for range_lookup). If your data is not sorted, VLOOKUP might return incorrect results.

3. Check for Hidden Columns or Rows

Sometimes, hidden columns or rows can cause VLOOKUP to malfunction. Ensure that all relevant columns and rows are visible. You can unhide columns or rows by selecting the entire worksheet and then choosing “Unhide” from the “Format” menu.

4. Use Absolute Cell References

When copying and pasting a VLOOKUP formula, it’s essential to use absolute cell references to lock the table_array and col_index_num values. This ensures that the formula remains consistent when copied to other cells. To create an absolute cell reference, use the “" symbol before the row and column references, e.g., A$1.

5. Verify Data Types and Formats

VLOOKUP is sensitive to data types and formats. Ensure that the lookup_value and the first column of your table_array have the same data type and format. For example, if your lookup_value is a date, make sure the first column of your table_array also contains dates in the same format.

6. Handle Text and Number Data Correctly

When dealing with text and number data, be mindful of the following:

• Text Data: Ensure that text values are enclosed in double quotes, e.g., “Apple”.
• Number Data: Avoid using commas or spaces in number values. Excel might interpret these as text, leading to incorrect results.

7. Check for Leading or Trailing Spaces

Leading or trailing spaces in your data can cause VLOOKUP to fail. Make sure that there are no extra spaces before or after the values in your table_array and lookup_value. You can use the TRIM function to remove extra spaces.

8. Understand Wildcards and Special Characters

VLOOKUP does not support wildcards or special characters by default. If you need to use wildcards, you can enable this feature by setting the range_lookup argument to FALSE and using the ? and * characters in your lookup_value. However, be cautious as this can impact performance.

9. Handle Large Data Sets Efficiently

When working with large data sets, VLOOKUP can become slow. Consider using alternative functions like INDEX-MATCH or XLOOKUP, which are faster and more flexible. Additionally, ensure that your data is optimized by removing unnecessary columns and rows.

10. Utilize Error Handling Functions

To handle errors gracefully, you can use error-handling functions like ISNA() or IFERROR(). These functions allow you to return a custom message or value when VLOOKUP returns an error.

=IFERROR(VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup]), "Not Found")

Conclusion

Troubleshooting VLOOKUP not working can be a complex task, but by following these 10 common fixes, you can identify and resolve most issues. Remember to check your formula syntax, ensure data is sorted correctly, and handle data types and formats consistently. With these tips, you’ll be able to make the most of VLOOKUP and improve your Excel efficiency.

💡 Note: Always save a backup of your spreadsheet before making significant changes or experimenting with new functions.